Revisão Sistemática da Literatura e Análise Bibliométrica sobre Hidrogénio de Baixo Carbono: Perspetivas EESG
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Resumo
Este estudo conduz uma revisão sistemática da literatura e uma análise bibliométrica da cadeia de produção de hidrogénio de baixo carbono, abordando suas dimensões Económica, Ambiental, Social e de Governança (EESG). A procura foi realizada na base Scopus utilizando palavras-chave relacionadas a hidrogénio verde e sustentabilidade, resultando em um conjunto abrangente de publicações analisadas. A análise bibliométrica revelou uma ampla rede internacional de colaborações científicas, com destaque para a liderança de países como Estados Unidos, China, Alemanha, Reino Unido e Japão. Os resultados indicaram um foco predominante na dimensão ambiental, particularmente na redução das emissões de gases de efeito estufa, e na dimensão económica, abrangendo custos, potencial de mercado e investimentos em infraestrutura. Em contraste, as dimensões social e de governança receberam menor atenção, evidenciando lacunas significativas em aspectos como inclusão social, geração de empregos e regulamentações estáveis. Além disso, observou-se uma concentração das pesquisas na fase de produção do hidrogénio, enquanto as etapas de armazenamento, distribuição e consumo ainda carecem de investigações mais aprofundadas. Com base nesses achados, o estudo recomenda uma abordagem mais integrada das dimensões EESG, procurando equilibrar eficiência técnica, viabilidade económica, aceitação social e governança sólida. Conclui-se que a transição para o hidrogénio de baixo carbono exige políticas coordenadas e maior colaboração internacional para superar desafios tecnológicos e econômicos. Este trabalho fornece uma base sólida para pesquisas futuras e formulação de políticas públicas, contribuindo para um modelo energético mais sustentável e inclusivo.
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Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0.
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