Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis on Low-Carbon Hydrogen: EESG Perspectives
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Abstract
This study conducts a systematic literature review and a bibliometric analysis of the low-carbon hydrogen production chain, addressing its Economic, Environmental, Social, and Governance (EESG) dimensions. The search was performed in the Scopus database using keywords related to green hydrogen and sustainability, resulting in a comprehensive set of analyzed publications. The bibliometric analysis revealed a broad international network of scientific collaborations, highlighting the leadership of countries such as the United States, China, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Japan. The results indicated a predominant focus on the environmental dimension, particularly on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and on the economic dimension, encompassing costs, market potential, and infrastructure investments. In contrast, the social and governance dimensions received less attention, revealing significant gaps in aspects such as social inclusion, job creation, and stable regulations. Additionally, research was found to be concentrated mainly on the hydrogen production phase, while the stages of storage, distribution, and consumption still lack deeper investigation. Based on these findings, the study recommends a more integrated approach to the EESG dimensions, aiming to balance technical efficiency, economic feasibility, social acceptance, and robust governance. It is concluded that the transition to low-carbon hydrogen requires coordinated policies and greater international collaboration to overcome technological and economic challenges. This study provides a solid foundation for future research and policy formulation, contributing to a more sustainable and inclusive energy model.
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