Experiências dos educadores na gestão da violência escolar relacionada com gangues em escolas públicas selecionadas na província de Mpumalanga, África do Sul
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34620/eduser.v18i1.413Palavras-chave:
Gangsterismo, Violência entre os alunos, Experiências dos educadores, Segurança escolar, Teoria dos Sistemas BioecológicosResumo
Este estudo explorou as experiências dos educadores na gestão da violência associada a gangues entre os alunos em escolas públicas do ensino secundário selecionadas na província de Mpumalanga. A violência estudantil ligada ao gangsterismo tornou-se um desafio premente nas escolas sul-africanas, ameaçando a criação de ambientes de aprendizagem seguros e propícios. Orientado pela Teoria dos Sistemas Bioecológicos de Bronfenbrenner (1989), o estudo adotou uma abordagem qualitativa no âmbito do paradigma interpretativista, e utilizou um desenho fenomenológico. Os dados foram recolhidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com quatro educadores responsáveis pela disciplina dos alunos, em duas escolas selecionadas por conveniência, e analisados tematicamente. Os resultados revelaram que o gangsterismo é prevalente em zonas de elevada densidade populacional e frequentemente envolve jovens fora da escola que influenciam os alunos em contexto escolar. Os conflitos relacionados com gangues estendem-se, por vezes, a várias escolas, perturbando os processos de ensino e aprendizagem. O estudo constatou ainda que os atuais enquadramentos disciplinares são limitados por uma burocracia excessiva e por uma autoridade reduzida dos educadores, o que diminui a capacidade de resposta a incidentes de violência. Os participantes salientaram a necessidade de intervenções colaborativas envolvendo pais, forças de segurança e líderes comunitários para abordar as raízes socioambientais do gangsterismo. O estudo conclui que a redução sustentável da violência associada a gangues exige o reforço dos quadros políticos, a descentralização da tomada de decisões e um envolvimento proativo ao nível das famílias e das comunidades.
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