Burnout levels, work engagement and job satisfaction in social organisations in Portugal
Conteúdo do artigo principal
Resumo
The main results demonstrate that professionals who recognize support from their managers, who feel integrated into their teams, who are satisfied with their life and professional roles and consider their physical and mental health to be positive, present lower levels of burnout, higher levels of commitment and use coping strategies to solve problems in their professional context. Higher burnout levels and lower work engagement were observed in professionals working in shifts, particularly in the night shift. Burnout symptoms are evidenced by physical fatigue, followed by cognitive fatigue, and emotional exhaustion. Regarding work engagement, the results obtained demonstrated high levels of professional engagement (78.3%).
Working in Social Organizations is highly demanding and challenging. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop educational programs aimed at training professionals in these settings. Such programs serve as a crucial protective factor against demotivation, thereby preventing emotional and physical exhaustion within the professional sphere.
Downloads
Detalhes do artigo

Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0.
Referências
Aldwin, C. M., & Gilmer, D. F. (2004). Health, illness, and optimal ageing: Biological and psychosocial perspectives. SAGE Publications.
Antunes, M. (2010). Qualidade para principiantes: Os primeiros passos para aprender a implementar a qualidade na sua pequena ou média organização. Edições Sílabo.
Armon, G., Shirom, A., & Melamed, S. T. (2012). The big five personality factors predict changes across time in burnout and its facets—Journal of Personality, 80(2), (pp. 403-427). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00731.x
Brown, R., Duck, J., & Jimmieson, N. (2014). E-mail in the workplace: the role of stress appraisals and normative response pressure in the relationship between e-mail stressors and employee strain. International Journal of Stress Management, 21(4), (pp. 325-347). https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0037464
Carver, C. S. (2013). Coping. In M. D. Gellman and J. R. Turner (eds.), Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine (pp. 496–500). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_1635
Chen, C. F., & Chen, S. C. (2012). Burnout and work engagement among cabin crew: Antecedents and consequences. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 22, 41-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508414.2012.635125.
Cooper, C. L., Dewe, P., & O’Driscoll, M. (2001). Organisational stress: A review and critique of theory, research, and applications. Sage.
Deci, E., Olafsen, A., & Ryan., R. (2017). Self-determination theory in work organizations: The state of a science. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113108
Fletcher, D., Hanton, S., & Mellalieu, S. D. (2006). An organisational stress review: Conceptual and theoretical issues in competitive sport. In Literature reviews in sport psychology (pp.321–374). Nova Science.
Folkman, S., & Greer, S. (2000). Promoting psychological well-being in the face of serious illness: When theory, research and practice inform each other. Psycho-Oncology, 9, 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1611(200001/02)9:1%3C11::AID-PON424%3E3.0.CO;2-Z
Gomes, A. R., Faria, S., & Gonçalves, A. M. (2013). Cognitive appraisal as a mediator in the relationship between stress and burnout. Work & Stress, 27, 351-367. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2013.840341
Green, R. G. (1985). Stress and accidents. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 56, 638-641.
Lazarus R. S., & Folkman S. (2012). Stress, Appraisal and Coping. Springer.
Lee, I., & Wang, H. H. (2012). Perceived occupational stress and related factors in public health nurses. Journal of Nursing Research, 10, 253-260. doi: 10.1097/01.JNR.0000347606.91295.76
Leiter, M., & Maslach, C. (2016). Latent burnout profiles: A new approach to understanding the burnout experience. Burnout Research, 3, 89-100. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.burn.2016.09.001
Manzano, G. (2002). Burnout y engagement en un colectivo preprofesional estudiantes universitários. Boletin de Psicologia, 74, 79-102.
Maslach, C., Leiter, M., & Schaufeli, W. (2008). Measuring burnout. In S. Cartwright, & C. L. Cooper (eds.), The Oxford handbook of organisational wellbeing (pp.86-108). Oxford University Press.
Maslach, C. S. E., & Leiter, M. P. (1997). The Maslach burnout inventory – Test manual. Consulting Psychologist Press.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W., & Leiter, M. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397-422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397
Mota-Cardoso, R., Araújo, A., Ramos, R., Gonçalves, G., & Ramos, M. (2002). O stress nos professores portugueses. Porto Editora.
Riedl, R., Kindermann, H., Auinger, A., & Javor, A. (2012). Technostress from a neurobiological perspective. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 4, 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-012-0207-7
Rodrigues, F., & Barroso, A. (2008). Avaliação do engagement nos docentes da Escola Superior de Saúde Dr. Lopes Dias. Bioanálise, 1, 34-39.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). UWES, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale - Preliminary manual. Occupational Health Psychology Unit, Utrecht University.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Salanova, M. (2017). Efficacy or inefficacy, that’s the question: Burnout and engagement, and their relationships with efficacy beliefs. Anxiety, Coping & Stress, 20, 177-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615800701217878
Schaufeli, W.B., & Salanova. (2007). Work engagement: An emerging psychological concept and its implications for organisations. In S. W. Gilliland, D. D. Steiner, & D.P. Skarlicki (Eds.), Managing social and ethical issues in organizations (pp. 135–177). Research in social issues in management: Managing social and ethical issues in organisations.
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5.
Simães, C., & Gomes, A. R. (2012). Escala de comprometimento face ao trabalho (ECT). [Unpublished investigation report]. Universidade do Minho.
Zhu, Y. (2013). A review of job satisfaction. Asian Social Science, 9(1), 293-298. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n1p293