Atitudes Face ao Desporto e Comportamentos agressivos: comparação entre Andebolistas e Basquetebolistas
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Resumo
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar as Atitudes face ao Desporto e os comportamentos agressivos em dois desportos coletivos, comparando andebolistas e basquetebolistas.
Utilizámos o Aggression Questionnaire / Questionário de Agressividade (AQ) (de Buss e Perry, 1992, na versão portuguesa de Cunha e Gonçalves, 2012) e o Sports Attitudes Questionnaire / Questionário de Atitudes face ao Desporto (SAQ) (de Lee, 1996, na versão portuguesa de Gonçalves, Silva, Chatzisarantis, Lee e Cruz, 2006).
Participaram no estudo 32 atletas (21 masculinos, 11 femininos), 15 andebolistas e 17 basquetebolistas.
Os resultados apontam para a inexistência de diferenças significativas na agressividade (entre as duas modalidades e entre o género dos praticantes). No que respeita às atitudes face ao desporto, encontraram-se diferenças no fator ‘Convenção’ em função do género dos atletas. Foram identificadas associações entre alguns factores da agressividade e das atitudes face ao desporto.
Palavras-chave: Atitudes; Desporto; Comportamentos Agressivos; Andebol; Basquetebol;
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Ferreira, V., Januário, N., Martins, P., Ayala, A., Gonçalves, A., Sousa, E., & Machado, A. R. (2018). Atitudes Face ao Desporto e Comportamentos agressivos: comparação entre Andebolistas e Basquetebolistas. EduSer, 10(2), 18–34. https://doi.org/10.34620/eduser.v10i2.104
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Referências
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Berkowitz, L.B. (1993). Aggression: Its causes, consequences and control, New York: McGraw - Hill.
Buss, A.H. & Perry, M. (1992). The Aggression Questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 452-459.
Cruz, J. & Sofia, R. (2013). Relações ente raiva, agressividade, ansiedade e perceção de ameaça na competição desportiva: um estudo em diferentes modalidades de contacto físico. Revista Portuguesa de Ciências do Desporto, 13 (2), 44-56.
Cruz, J. & Viana, M.F. (1997). Manual de avaliação psicológica em contextos desportivos (relatório técnico). Braga-Lisboa (Portugal): Projectos de Investigação e Intervenção Psicológica na Alta Competição.
Cunha, O. & Gonçalves, R. (2012). Análise confirmatória fatorial de uma versão portuguesa do Questionário de Agressividade de Buss-Perry. Laboratório de Psicologia, Lisboa: ISPA. 10 (1), 3-17.
Dubihela, J. & Chinomona, R. (2014). The prevalence of athlete hostility, anger, verbal and psysical aggression within the South African sport. African Journal of Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 20 (1), 89-105.
Dubihlela, J. & Surujlal, J. (2011) Aggressive behaviour in sport: An application of the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) to South African university student-athletes. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 1, 15-30.
Emery, C., McKay, C., Campbell, T. & Peters, A. (2009). Examining attitudes toward body checking, levels of emotional empathy, and levels of aggression in body checking and non-body checking youth hockey leagues. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, 19 (3), 207-215.
Gonçalves, C., Silva, M., Chatzisarantis, N., Lee, J. & Cruz, J. (2006). Tradução e validação do SAQ (Sports Attitudes Questionnaire) para jovens praticantes desportivos portugueses com idades entre os 13 e os 16 anos. Revista Portuguesa de Ciências do Desporto, 6 (1), 38-49.
Ivanovic, M.Z., Milosavljevic, S.M. & Ivanovic, U.M. (2015). Factorial structure of the relationships between aggressiveness and personality dimensions in junior karatekas. Physical Education and Sport, 13 (3), 371-381.
Kavussanu, M. (2012). Moral behavior in sport. In S. Murphy (Ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Sport and Performance Psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 364–383.
Kavussanu, M. (2014). Moral behavior. In R.J. Eklund & G.T. Tenenbaum (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Sport and Exercise Psychology, SAGE Publications, Inc.
Kerr, J.H. (1999). The role of aggression and violence in sport: A rejoinder to the ISSP position stand. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 83-88.
Lee, M.J. (1996) Young people, sport and ethics: an examination of fairplay in youth sport. Technical report to the Research Unit of the Sports Council, London.
Mashhoodi, S., Mokhtari, P. & Tajik, H. (2013). The comparison of the aggression of young and adult athletes in individual or team sports. European Journal of Experimental Biology. 3 (1), 661-663.
Maxwell, J.P. & Moores, E. (2007). The development of a short scale measuring agressiveness and anger in competitive athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8, 179 - 93.
Maxwell, J.P., Moores, E.J. & Chow, C.C.F. (2007) Anger rumination and self - reported aggression amongst British and Hong Kong Chinese athletes: a cross cultural comparison. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 5 (1), 9-27.
Micai, M., Kavussanu, M. & Ring, C. (2015). Executive Function Is Associated with Antisocial Behavior and Aggression in Athletes. Journal of sport and Exercise Psychology, 37 (5), 468-476.
Pelegrín, A., Serpa, S. & Rosado, A. (2013). Aggressive and unsportsmanlike behaviours in competitive sports: an analysis of related personal and environmental variables. Anales de psicologia, 29 (3), 701-713.
Simões, A. (1993). São os homens mais agressivos que as mulheres? Revista Portuguesa de Pedagogia, XXVII (3), 387-404.
Tremblay, P.F. & Ewart, L.A. (2005). The Duss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire and its relations to values, the Big Five, provoking hypothetical situations, alcohol consumption patters, and alcohol expectancies. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 337-346.
Vallerand, R.J. (2007). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and physical activity: a review and a look at the future. In G. Tenenbaum & R.C. Eklund (Eds.). Handbook of Sport Psychology, 3, 49-83.
Widmeyer, W.N. & Birch, J.S. (1979). The relationship between aggression and performance outcome in ice hockey. Can J Appl Sport Sci., 4 (1). 91-94.
Arriaga, P., Esteves, F. & Monteiro, M.B. (2004). Estudo psicométrico de duas medidas no âmbito da agressão humana. In J. Vala, M. Garrido e P. Alcobia (Ed.). Percursos de Investigação em Psicologia Social e Organizacional. Lisboa: Edições Colibri, 177-199.
Berkowitz, L.B. (1993). Aggression: Its causes, consequences and control, New York: McGraw - Hill.
Buss, A.H. & Perry, M. (1992). The Aggression Questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 452-459.
Cruz, J. & Sofia, R. (2013). Relações ente raiva, agressividade, ansiedade e perceção de ameaça na competição desportiva: um estudo em diferentes modalidades de contacto físico. Revista Portuguesa de Ciências do Desporto, 13 (2), 44-56.
Cruz, J. & Viana, M.F. (1997). Manual de avaliação psicológica em contextos desportivos (relatório técnico). Braga-Lisboa (Portugal): Projectos de Investigação e Intervenção Psicológica na Alta Competição.
Cunha, O. & Gonçalves, R. (2012). Análise confirmatória fatorial de uma versão portuguesa do Questionário de Agressividade de Buss-Perry. Laboratório de Psicologia, Lisboa: ISPA. 10 (1), 3-17.
Dubihela, J. & Chinomona, R. (2014). The prevalence of athlete hostility, anger, verbal and psysical aggression within the South African sport. African Journal of Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 20 (1), 89-105.
Dubihlela, J. & Surujlal, J. (2011) Aggressive behaviour in sport: An application of the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) to South African university student-athletes. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 1, 15-30.
Emery, C., McKay, C., Campbell, T. & Peters, A. (2009). Examining attitudes toward body checking, levels of emotional empathy, and levels of aggression in body checking and non-body checking youth hockey leagues. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, 19 (3), 207-215.
Gonçalves, C., Silva, M., Chatzisarantis, N., Lee, J. & Cruz, J. (2006). Tradução e validação do SAQ (Sports Attitudes Questionnaire) para jovens praticantes desportivos portugueses com idades entre os 13 e os 16 anos. Revista Portuguesa de Ciências do Desporto, 6 (1), 38-49.
Ivanovic, M.Z., Milosavljevic, S.M. & Ivanovic, U.M. (2015). Factorial structure of the relationships between aggressiveness and personality dimensions in junior karatekas. Physical Education and Sport, 13 (3), 371-381.
Kavussanu, M. (2012). Moral behavior in sport. In S. Murphy (Ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Sport and Performance Psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 364–383.
Kavussanu, M. (2014). Moral behavior. In R.J. Eklund & G.T. Tenenbaum (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Sport and Exercise Psychology, SAGE Publications, Inc.
Kerr, J.H. (1999). The role of aggression and violence in sport: A rejoinder to the ISSP position stand. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 83-88.
Lee, M.J. (1996) Young people, sport and ethics: an examination of fairplay in youth sport. Technical report to the Research Unit of the Sports Council, London.
Mashhoodi, S., Mokhtari, P. & Tajik, H. (2013). The comparison of the aggression of young and adult athletes in individual or team sports. European Journal of Experimental Biology. 3 (1), 661-663.
Maxwell, J.P. & Moores, E. (2007). The development of a short scale measuring agressiveness and anger in competitive athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8, 179 - 93.
Maxwell, J.P., Moores, E.J. & Chow, C.C.F. (2007) Anger rumination and self - reported aggression amongst British and Hong Kong Chinese athletes: a cross cultural comparison. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 5 (1), 9-27.
Micai, M., Kavussanu, M. & Ring, C. (2015). Executive Function Is Associated with Antisocial Behavior and Aggression in Athletes. Journal of sport and Exercise Psychology, 37 (5), 468-476.
Pelegrín, A., Serpa, S. & Rosado, A. (2013). Aggressive and unsportsmanlike behaviours in competitive sports: an analysis of related personal and environmental variables. Anales de psicologia, 29 (3), 701-713.
Simões, A. (1993). São os homens mais agressivos que as mulheres? Revista Portuguesa de Pedagogia, XXVII (3), 387-404.
Tremblay, P.F. & Ewart, L.A. (2005). The Duss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire and its relations to values, the Big Five, provoking hypothetical situations, alcohol consumption patters, and alcohol expectancies. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 337-346.
Vallerand, R.J. (2007). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and physical activity: a review and a look at the future. In G. Tenenbaum & R.C. Eklund (Eds.). Handbook of Sport Psychology, 3, 49-83.
Widmeyer, W.N. & Birch, J.S. (1979). The relationship between aggression and performance outcome in ice hockey. Can J Appl Sport Sci., 4 (1). 91-94.